Examples Of Binary Ionic Compounds

What is an ionic compound?

Ionic compounds are pure substances consisting of chemically bonded ions. Examples include two-element compounds like table salt $(N a C l)$ and polyatomic compounds like sodium sulfate $(N A_{two} S O_{4})$ . All ionic compounds form crystal lattices.

What is an ionic compound

Ionic compounds are pure substances formed primarily by positive and negative ion attraction. Some minor electron sharing always occurs, merely the chemical compound is importantly formed past ions.

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Definition
Composition
Ionic vs. molecular
Backdrop
Examples
Quiz

What are ionic compounds made of?

To fully understand ionic compounds, we need to understand what ionic compounds are composed of. Let'south review some basics of diminutive construction:

Nucleus – The eye of every atom, consisting of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons
Electron – The tiny, negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus in the electron cloud and held to the atom by the positive-negative attraction between it and the nucleus'due south proton
Ion – An atom that has gained or lost an electron, creating a charged particle that is either positive (more than protons than electrons) or negative (more electrons than protons)

The number of electrons lost or gained determines the ion's charge. Atoms lose and gain electrons equally they react to go more stable.

Ionic vs. molecular compounds

Ionic compounds are pure substances formed from chemically bonded ions. Ionic bonds grade ionic compounds. Covalent bonds form molecular compounds.

Most atoms bring together past covalent bonding, in which shared electrons form directional bonds. These are molecules.

Ionic compounds are electrically neutral and can form from just a few atoms (ions) or from big numbers of atoms (ions). Two-element ionic compounds and polyatomic ionic compounds are equally common.

Ionic compound neutral charge

Polyatomic ions are ions comprised of more than one atom. A adept example is the ammonium ion made up of one nitrogen atom and four hydrogen atoms.

Polyatomic ions formation

Ions that are negatively charged are called anions, pronounced "an-ions." Common anions are non-metals. Ions with net positive charges are called cations, pronounced "cat-ions." Metals are commonly cations.

Properties of ionic compounds

Ionic compounds form crystalline structures called crystal lattices. Common tabular array salt $(N a C fifty)$ forms this way, merely and so do ionic lattices such as:

copper (2) sulfate $(C u Due south O_{4} {(H_{ii} O)}_{x})$ (with the value of $x$ ranging from $0$ through $5$ )
sodium borate $(N a_{2} H_{4} B_{4} O_{9} • n H_{ii} O)$ (known equally borax)
potassium permanganate $(K M northward O_{4})$

These are built upwardly in repeated patterns of unit cells, as contrasted with molecules. One "piece" of an ionic compound that maintains all the entire compound's characteristics is chosen a unit.

Ionic compound structure - unit cells

In comparing, i "piece" of a covalently bonded compound that maintains all its entire compound characteristics is called a molecule.

Ionic compounds deliquesce in polar solvents such as h2o. Water tin deliquesce ions and polar molecules. Non-polar solvents (hydrocarbons, chloroform) exercise not dissolve ionic compounds.

Other physical properties of ionic compounds:

High melting points
High boiling points
They are generally hard and brittle
They are electrically neutral
They form efficient insulators
Loftier enthalpies of fusion (thermal energy needed to melt one mole of the solid form) and vaporization (thermal energy needed to vaporize one mole of the liquid form)

Ionic compound formula

While a chemical formula for a molecule gives a specific number of atoms in every molecule (H₂O tells united states two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom make water, for instance), the chemical formula for an ionic compound cannot tell us how many ions are in each unit, only their ratio.

Ionic compound formula

A typical single crystal (with a mass possibly of only 0.v grams) of an ionic compound has some x sextillion ions in it.

The symbols used to create a chemic formula are found on the periodic tabular array.

Periodic table

Ionic chemical compound examples

Two-element ionic compounds include sodium chloride or table table salt. Here the sodium ion, $N a^{+}$ , is a positive ion, so information technology is attracted to the chlorine atom (ion), $C l^{-}$ , which has a negative accuse, and the ionic bail is formed.

The contrary charges attract, and the oppositely charged ions form an ionic bail.

Table salt is an excellent ionic chemical compound readily available for quick study. Information technology is not unsafe, displays the typical crystal lattice structure of ionic compounds to the unaided eye, demonstrates solubility in a polar solvent (water) and insolubility in a non-polar solvent such as gasoline, and reveals the compound'south hardness and brittleness.

Ionic compounds list

Other two-element ionic compounds include:

$C a_{3} P_{2}$ , calcium phosphide (used as a rodenticide and in fireworks)
$Grand 50$ , potassium iodide (an additive of table salt used to prevent goiter)
$50 i_{3} N$ , lithium nitride (a reducing agent)
$Thousand m O$ , magnesium oxide (used as an antacid and laxative)
$North a F$ , sodium fluoride (an ingredient used in toothpaste)

Two-element ionic compounds

Mutual two-element ionic compounds
Chemical formula	Chemical proper noun	Common use
$C a_{3} P_{2}$	calcium phosphide	used every bit a rodenticide and in fireworks
$K 50$	potassium iodide	an additive of table salt used to prevent goiter
$Fifty i_{three} Northward$	lithium nitride	a reducing agent
$M g O$	magnesium oxide	used as an antacid and laxative
$Due north a F$	sodium fluoride	an ingredient used in toothpaste
$B a O$	Barium oxide	used in cathode ray tubes, crown glass, and catalysts

Many polyatomic ionic compounds exist. Here are a few:

$A fifty {(O H)}_{3}$ , aluminum hydroxide (used in antacids)
$C a C O_{3}$ calcium carbonate (used in antacids)
${Thou}_{3} P O_{4}$ , potassium phosphate (a food additive)
$M g {(O H)}_{2}$ , magnesium hydroxide (used in antacids)
$M one thousand Due south O_{4}$ , magnesium sulfate (an additive of purified water)
$North a_{2} C O_{3}$ , sodium carbonate (washing soda)
$N a H C O_{3}$ , sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
$Northward a_{2} H P O_{4}$ , sodium hydrogen phosphate (it prevents caking and is added to many powdered products)
$Northward a O C l$ , sodium hypochlorite (household bleach)
$N a O H$ , sodium hydroxide (bleed cleaner)
$N a_{two} S O_{three}$ , sodium sulfite (a preservative)

Polyatomic ionic compound examples

List of polyatomic ionic compounds
Chemic formula	Chemic name	Common employ
$A l {(O H)}_{3}$	aluminum hydroxide	commonly used in antacids
$C a C O_{3}$	calcium carbonate	normally used in antacids
$K_{3} P O_{four}$	potassium phosphate	common food additive
$M g {(O H)}_{2}$	magnesium hydroxide	commonly used in antacids
$Chiliad g S O_{4}$	magnesium sulfate	additive of purified water
$N a_{2} C O_{iii}$	sodium carbonate	washing soda
$North a H C O_{3}$	sodium bicarbonate	baking soda
$North a_{2} H P O_{4}$	sodium hydrogen phosphate	added to many powdered products to preclude caking
$N a O C l$	sodium hypochlorite	household bleach
$N a O H$	sodium hydroxide	drain cleaner
$N a_{two} S O_{3}$	sodium sulfite	preservative

Ionic compound quiz

Ionic compounds can confuse anyone. See if you have a grasp of the ideas by answering these questions. And so check your work against our answers below.

Is salt an ionic compound?
Name three ionic compounds.
Proper noun a common two-chemical element ionic compound.
Covalent compounds class molecules. What practice ionic compounds course?
What is the typical structure of an ionic compound?
Please listing 3 characteristics of ionic compounds.
Please proper noun some mutual uses of ionic compounds.

If you lot struggled with any of your answers, spend some time reviewing this article and practice additional research on your own to firm up your agreement.

Yes, salt is an ionic chemical compound.
Three ionic compounds are $Due north a C l$ (table sal), $North a O C fifty$ (bleach), and $N a H C O_{iii}$ (baking soda)
A common two-element ionic compound is sodium chloride, or table salt, $N a C l$ .
Covalent compounds grade molecules, and ionic compounds grade units.
The typical structure of an ionic compound is a crystal lattice.
A polyatomic compound is sodium bicarbonate, $Northward a H C O_{three}$ (baking soda).
Three characteristics of ionic compounds you might have listed are that they are electrically neutral, dissolve just in polar solvents, and, as solids, are difficult and breakable.